|
Amino acids
|
Samples
|
|---|
|
DQPM
|
DGQPM
|
FYM
|
FHQPM
|
CERC
|
*RDA
|
|---|
|
Non-essential
|
|
Alanine
|
3.09 ± 0.02c
|
3.78 ± 0.32b
|
3.74 ± 0.02b
|
3.01 ± 0.02c
|
4.09 ± 0.02a
|
–
|
|
Aspartic acid
|
1.97 ± 0.06b
|
5.61 ± 2.86a
|
2.16 ± 0.02b
|
6.54 ± 0.02a
|
2.55 ± 0.02b
|
–
|
|
Glutamic acid
|
2.65 ± 0.02e
|
9.68 ± 0.02a
|
3.05 ± 0.02d
|
9.06 ± 0.02b
|
3.29 ± 0.02c
|
–
|
|
Glycine
|
2.89 ± 0.02c
|
3.11 ± 0.02b
|
3.35 ± 0.02a
|
2.66 ± 0.09d
|
3.28 ± 0.02a
|
–
|
|
Proline
|
2.89 ± 0.02d
|
2.97 ± 0.02c
|
3.35 ± 0.02a
|
2.12 ± 0.02e
|
3.28 ± 0.02b
|
–
|
|
Serine
|
8.50 ± 0.02b
|
2.40 ± 0.02d
|
9.31 ± 0.02a
|
1.81 ± 0.02e
|
7.30 ± 0.02c
|
–
|
|
Non-essential
|
|
Histidine
|
3.83 ± 0.02b
|
2.16 ± 0.02c
|
4.08 ± 0.02a
|
1.94 ± 0.02d
|
4.08 ± 0.02a
|
1.9
|
|
Isoleucine
|
2.32 ± 0.02d
|
2.86 ± 0.02c
|
3.01 ± 0.02b
|
2.20 ± 0.02e
|
3.11 ± 0.02a
|
2.8
|
|
Leucine
|
6.51 ± 0.02c
|
7.25 ± 0.02b
|
2.89 ± 0.02e
|
5.66 ± 0.02d
|
8.01 ± 0.02a
|
6.6
|
|
Lysine
|
2.85 ± 0.02b
|
3.17 ± 0.02a
|
3.06 ± 0.02a
|
2.74 ± 0.05b
|
3.04 ± 0.05a
|
5.8
|
|
Methionine
|
1.22 ± 0.02d
|
1.59 ± 0.02d
|
1.30 ± 0.02c
|
0.96 ± 0.02e
|
2.08 ± 0.02a
|
2.2
|
|
Phenylalanine
|
3.38 ± 0.02d
|
4.06 ± 0.02b
|
3.97 ± 0.02c
|
3.13 ± 0.02d
|
4.23 ± 0.02a
|
2.8
|
|
Threonine
|
2.05 ± 0.02d
|
2.33 ± 0.02a
|
2.19 ± 0.02c
|
1.80 ± 0.02e
|
2.27 ± 0.01b
|
3.4
|
|
Arginine
|
6.86 ± 0.02b
|
4.34 ± 0.02c
|
6.98 ± 0.07a
|
3.66 ± 0.02d
|
2.55 ± 0.02c
|
2
|
|
Cystine
|
0.82 ± 0.02d
|
0.99 ± 0.02b
|
0.93 ± 0.02c
|
0.53 ± 0.02b
|
1.39 ± 0.01a
|
–
|
|
Tyrosine
|
2.25 ± 0.02c
|
2.42 ± 0.02b
|
2.25 ± 0.02c
|
1.93 ± 0.02d
|
2.58 ± 0.02a
|
–
|
|
Tryptophan
|
4.72 ± 0.01b
|
5.81 ± 0.02a
|
4.79 ± 0.01c
|
3.76 ± 0.02b
|
1.95 ± 0.02d
|
1.25
|
|
TSAA (Meth + Cys)
|
2.04
|
2.58
|
2.23
|
0.94
|
3.47
|
2.20
|
|
AAA (Phe + Tyr + Trp)
|
6.35
|
7.29
|
6.98
|
5.85
|
7.76
|
2.80
|
|
TIAA
|
35.73
|
35.09
|
34.73
|
28.07
|
36.94
|
33.90
|
- DQPM Dried Quality Protein Maize, DGQPM Dried Germinated Quality Protein Maize, FYM Fermented Yellow Maize, FHQPM Fermented High Quality Protein Maize, CERC Cerelac. TSAA Total Sulphur Amino Acid, AAA Aromatic Amino Acid, TIAA Total Indispensable Amino Acid, *RDA Recommended Daily Allowance (United States Department of Agriculture, USDA 2018). Values with different superscript on the same row are significant (p < 0.05)
