Table 1 Research on natural bioactive substances and effects on food-borne viruses and contaminants
From: Natural bioactive substances for the control of food-borne viruses and contaminants in food
Bioactive substances | Functional component | Source | Effect | Possible mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polyphenols | Glyasperin, Glycyrin 2′-Methoxyisoliquiritigenin Licoflavono, Glyasperin D | Roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis | ↓Group A rotaviruses | ↓Virus absorption to cells ↓Viral replication after entry | Kwon et al. (2010) |
Tannic acid | Chinese Gall Pomegranate | ↓Noroviruses | ↓NoV P proteins binding to their HBGA receptors | Zhang et al. (2012) | |
Caffeic acid, Cyanidin-3-rutinoside, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, Rutin | Mulberry | Human norovirus | ↓Viral replication | Oh et al. (2013) | |
Gallic acid, Caffeic acid, Ellagic acid, Quercetin, Cyanidin-3-glucoside | Black raspberry | ↓Human norovirus | ↓Viral gene expression ↓Plaque formation | Lee et al. (2016) | |
Gallic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Rutin, Quercetin | Potato peel | ↓Human Enteric Viruses | ↓Viral replication | Silva-beltrán et al. (2017) | |
Epigallocatechin gallate | Green tea | ↓Murine norovirus ↓Hepatitis A virus | Nonspecific binding to viral surface proteins ↓Viral attachment to cell membrane receptors | Randazzo et al. (2017) | |
Aged-green tea extract | Camellia sinensis L. | ↓Human norovirus | ↓Binding of virus to histo-blood group antigens structural damage | Falcó et al. (2019) | |
Pinosylvin | Wood | ↓Gram-negative/ positive bacteria | Interacting with cell membrane | (Plumed-ferrer et al. 2013) | |
Tea polyphenols extract | Green tea | ↓Staphylococcus aureus ↓Salmonella serotype | Affecting the formation of the cell membrane | (Hongmei Zhang et al. 2014) | |
Ellagic acid, Gallic acid, Rutin | Passiflora ligularis Juss. fruit | ↓fungal strains Candida albicans ↓Aspergillus niger | structural or functional damage to the bacterial cell membrane | (Saravanan and Parimelazhagan 2014) | |
Epicatechin | Green tea | ↓Acrylamide | Trapping of carbonyl compounds ↓ lipid oxidation | (Liu et al. 2015) | |
Proanthocyanidins | Grape seed | ↓Residual nitrite | ↓Oxidation | (Wang et al. 2015) | |
Essential oil | Carvacrol, Thymol methyl ether | Zataria multiflora Boiss | ↓Norovirus | Inactivating the virus | (ElizaquÃvel et al. 2013) |
Carvacrol | Oregano oil | ↓Murine norovirus | Binding to the virus ↓Virus adsorption to host cells | (Gilling et al. 2014) | |
Ocimene, a-Terpinolene Citral, d-Limonene | Lemongrass essential oil | ↓Norovirus | ↓Viral replication | (Kim et al. 2017) | |
Limonene, β-Pinene, γ-Terpinene, Cineole, ɑ-Pinene, Camphor, Camphene | Lemon, sweet orange, Grapefruit, rosemary cineole | ↓Hepatitis A Virus | Inactivating the virus | (Battistini et al. 2019) | |
Piperitone, α-Phellandrene, p-Cymene | Australian Eucalyptus | ↓Gram-negative/ positive bacteria | Interacting with cell membrane | (Gilles et al. 2010) | |
Carvacrol | Herbs | ↓S. aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis | Interacting with cell membrane | (Miranda-novales and Solo 2012) | |
Geraniol | Herbs | ↓Gram-negative bacteria | Interacting with cell membrane | (Miranda-novales and Solo 2012) | |
Cinnamaldehyde | Cinnamon | ↓E. coli and S. aureus | Change Membrane potential | ||
Methyl cinnamate γ-terpinene | Ocimum gratissimum | ↓Aflatoxin B1 | ↓Aflatoxin secretion | (Prakash et al. 2011) | |
Cymene | Cuminum cyminum (L.) seed | ↓Aflatoxin B1 | ↓Aflatoxin secretion | (Kedia et al. 2014) | |
Protein | Lactadherin | Human and Bovine Milk | ↓Rotavirus | Affect protein structure | (Petersen et al. 2004) |
Lactoferrin | Breast milk | ↓Hepatitis A Virus | Interfering with virus-receptor Interaction | (Waarts et al. 2005) | |
Lactadherin | Human and Bovine Milk | ↓Poliovirus | ↓Viral replication | (Pan et al. 2006) | |
Lactadherin | Breast milk | ↓Murine norovirus | ↓Viral replication | (Ishikawa et al. 2013) | |
α-Caseins | Milk | ↓Gram-positive bacteria | Cationic glycopeptides | (Benkerroum 2010) | |
Hepcidin TH1–5 | Fish | ↓Gram-positive bacteria | ↓Activity | (Najafian and Babji 2012a) | |
Polysaccharides | Chitosan | Crustaceans | ↓Human noroviruses | ↓Viral replication | (Davis et al. 2012) |
Water-soluble Chitosan | Crustaceans | Enteric viruses | Viral structural damage | (Davis et al. 2015) | |
Extract from Houttuynia cordata | Houttuynia cordata | ↓Murine norovirus ↓Human noroviruses | Deforming and inflating virus particles | (Cheng et al. 2019) | |
Polysaccharide Streptomyces virginia H03 | Streptomyces virginia H03 | Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Escherichia coli | Affecting cytoplasmic membrane permeability /DNA binding | (He et al. 2010) | |
Sulfated polysaccharides | Gray triggerfish | ↓Gram-negative/ positive bacteria | Interacting with cell membrane | (Krichen et al. 2015) | |
Polysaccharides extract | Algae | ↓ Escherichia coli | ↓proliferation | (Rivas et al. 2017) | |
Polysaccharides extract | Algae | ↓ Salmonella spp. | ↓proliferation | (Rivas et al. 2017) | |
Chitosan | Crab processing discards | ↓Ion contaminants | Metal chelation | (Gamage and Shahidi 2007) | |
Alkaloids | Pelleteriene | Pomegranate seed | ↓Staphylococcus aureus | ↓membrane permeability | (Ismail et al. 2012) |
Pyrazinecarboxamide derivative Indole derivative | Alkaloid derivative | ↓Hepatitis A Virus ↓Norovirus | ↓replication of the virus | (Hwu et al. 2017) | |
Quinine | The bark of the cinchona | ↓Malaria Possible↓COVID-19 | ↓replication of the virus | (Achan et al. 2011) (Gautret et al. 2020) | |
Alkaloid extracts | Solanum nigrum | ↓Escherichia coli, ↓Proteus mirabilis, ↓Staphylococcus aureus, ↓Pseudomonas aerogenosa | Interact with cell membrane | (Jasim et al. 2015) | |
Organic sulfur compounds | Sulfur compounds extracts | Fresh garlic by-products | ↓S. aureus, ↓S. enteritidis, ↓E. coli, B. cereus, ↓L. monocytogens | Interact with cell membrane | (Jang et al. 2018) |
Sulfur compounds extracts | Green vegetables | ↓Hepatitis A Virus ↓Norovirus | ↓replication of the virus | (Sofy et al. 2018) | |
Sulfur compounds extracts | Herbs | ↓Bacillus cereus, ↓Campylobacter jejuni, ↓Clostridium, Escherichia coli, ↓Listeria ↓Monocytogenes, ↓Salmonella enterica, ↓Staphylococcus | Interact with cell membrane | (Ikeura and Koabayashi 2015) | |
Diallyl sulfides, Diallyl monosulfide, Diallyl disulfide, Diallyl trisulfide, Diallyl tetrasulfide | Chive oil | Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes Escherichia coli | Interact with cell membrane | (Rattanachaikunsopon and Phumkhachorn 2008) | |
Allicin | Garlic | possible↓virus | ↑Immunity | (Rahman 2007) |