Table 2 Comparative protein composition profile from milk of minor dairy species (concentration range)
Protein Fraction | Camel | Goat | Sheep | Yak | Donkey | Mare |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total casein (g/kg) | 22–48 | 23–38 | 41–66 | 21–40 | 6–10 | 8–14 |
αs1-Casein (% total) | 21 | 4.5–34 | 7–40 | 13–32 | – | 17–47 |
αs2-Casein (% total) | 9 | 9–25 | 12–23 | 9–18 | – | 2 |
β-Casein (% total) | 65 | 34–64 | 34–62 | 37–51 | – | 46–79 |
κ-Casein (% total) | 3–5 | 10–19 | 7–23 | 12–21 | – | 2–8 |
γ-Casein (% total) | – | 5–6 | – | – | – | – |
Total whey proteins (g/kg) | 6–10 | 3–12 | 8–16 | 11 | 5–9 | 7–10 |
α-Lactalbumin (% total WP) | 45–53 | 17–50 | 13–45 | 7–20 | 23–33 | 17–42 |
β-Lactoglobulin (% total WP) | – | 34–77 | 28–72 | 50–86 | 30–57 | 17–50 |
Serum albumin (% total WP) | 30–41 | 5–22 | 6 | 7–15 | 6–7 | 3–5 |
Immunoglobulins (g/kg) | 0.55–0.8 | 0.15–0.5 | 0.5–0.7 | 0.1–0.4 | 1.3 | 0.4–2.5 |
Lactoferrin (g/kg) | 0.2–0.9 | 0.02–0.3 | 0.7–0.9 | 0.2–0.7 | 0.3 | 0.6–1.3 |
NPN (% total N) | 6–11 | 7–12 | 6–9 | 6 | 11–25 | 10–15 |