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Table 1 Sequence, physicochemical properties and metal ligand content of zinc-binding peptides derived from whey protein hydrolysate

From: Identification of zinc-binding peptides in ADAM17-inhibiting whey protein hydrolysates using IMAC-Zn2+ coupled with shotgun peptidomics

Peptide sequence

Parent protein

Accession #

Net charge, pH 7

Hydrophobicity

pI

Instability index < 40

Aliphatic index

% Total metal binding sites

%(H + C)

%(D + E)

%(Y + F)

HHKAPGPEDSLHEQ

Folate receptor-α

P02702

−1.725

− 1.878

6.21

93.64

35

21.4

21.4

0

TPVVVPPFLQPEVM

β-casein

P02666

−1.000

0.800

3.84

113.77

110.71

0

7.14

7.14

VEELKPTPEGDLEIL

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

−3.995

−0.671

3.67

57.65

123.33

0

33.3

0

LVRTPEVDDE

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

−2.997

−0.860

3.73

11.35

97

0

40.0

0

ELKPTPEGDLEIL

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

−2.996

−0.484

3.77

39.9

120

0

30.8

0

DHKSEEDKHLKIR

Osteopontin-k

P31098

0.183

−2.238

7.71

62.56

60

15.4

30.8

0

EKTKIPAVF

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

0.999

−0.033

9.53

17.66

86.67

0

12.5

12.5

TPVVVPPLQPE

β-casein

P02666

−1.000

0.209

3.84

124.56

114.55

0

9.10

0

KILDKVGIN

α-lactalbumin

P00711

0.997

0.200

9.53

−16.88

162.22

0

11.1

0

VIESPPEIN

K-casein

P02668

−1.998

−0.144

3.61

190.04

118.89

0

22.2

0

YWLAHK

α-lactalbumin

P00711

1.087

−0.616

9.30

36.93

81.67

16.7

0

16.7

KTKIPAVF

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

1.997

0.400

10.80

18.61

97.5

0

0

12.5

SWMHQPHQPLPPTVM

β-casein

P02666

0.179

−0.693

7.71

114.67

45.33

13.3

0

0

DTDYKKY

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

−0.003

−2.585

6.43

−12.9

0

0

28.6

28.6

VRTPEVDDE

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

−2.997

−1.377

3.73

11.5

64.44

0

44.4

0

WMHQPHQPLPPTVM

β-casein

P02666

0.179

−0.685

7.71

122.14

48.57

14.3

0

0

TMKGLIQ

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

0.997

0.242

9.70

−3.56

111.43

0

0

0

HQPHQPLPPTVMFPPQ

β-casein

P02666

0.179

−0.906

7.71

93.64

42.5

12.5

0

6.25

YWLAH

α-lactalbumin

P00711

0.088

0.040

7.54

−5.04

98

20.0

0

20.0

HKEMPFPKYPVEPF

β-casein

P02666

0.091

−1.000

7.54

135.19

20.71

7.14

14.3

21.4

LSFNPY

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

−0.003

−0.100

6.09

3.53

65

0

0

33.3

FYAPELL

Serum albumin

P02769

−1.001

0.828

3.85

141.31

125.71

0

14.3

28.6

KIPAVF

β-lactoglobulin

P02754

0.997

1.300

9.70

21.48

130

0

0

16.7

SVMHQPHQPLPPTVMFPPQ

β-casein

P02666

0.179

−0.480

7.71

110.58

51.05

10.5

0

5.26

  1. Instability index, estimation of stability of protein in a test tube: a protein whose instability index is smaller than 40 is predicted as stable, a value above 40 predicts that the protein may be unstable (Guruprasad et al. 1990); Aliphatic index, positive factor for thermostability of globular proteins based on the relative volume occupied by aliphatic side chains of protein (Ikai 1980) (ExPASy ProtParam); % Total (potential) metal binding sites, manual calculations of (number of applicable amino acid/total chain length)*100, %(H + C), %(D + E) and %(Y + F) (Lu et al. 2012) each represented different metal binding mechanisms