Table 7 Phenolic compounds in the raw blends and extruded products (μg/g)

Chlorogenic acid

5.07 ± 0.02

3.12 ± 0.12

61.54 ± 0.56

7.32 ± 0.23

6.30 ± 0.02

86.13 ± 0.12^H

5.37 ± 0.25

6.32 ± 0.23

117.7 ± 0.27^E

0.40 ± 0.45

1.02 ± 0.14 ^a

255.0 ± 0.02^A

105.2 ± 0.25^H

Rosmarinic acid

278 ± 0.12

260 ± 0.06^a

93.53 ± 0.89

1.43 ± 0.45

1.40 ± 0.14

98.39 ± 0.12^G

ND

ND

ND

1.05 ± 0.25

0.99 ± 0.54

94.56 ± 0.58^E

165.9 ± 0.29^E

Caffeic acid

36 ± 0.23

35.02 ± 0.25

97.28 ± 0.78

17.58 ± 0.14

17.25 ± 0.02

98.11 ± 0.02^G

3.63 ± 0.2

3.74 ± 0.45

103.03 ± 0.27 ^F

2.75 ± 0.74

2.60 ± 0.23

94.72 ± 0.25^E

105.61

р-Coumaric acid

165 ± 0.01

176 ± 0.03^a

106.7 ± 0.59^C

169.43 ± 0.23

180.6 ± 0.12 ^a

106.6 ± 0.12^F

170.2 ± 0.25

179.2 ± 0.47 ^a

105.3 ± 0.25^F

170.0 ± 0.2

177.20 ± 0.5 ^a

104.2 ± 0.26^D

107.3 ± 0.25^H

Ferulic acid

1678.1 ± 0.25

1664.6 ± 0.23^a

99.17 ± 0.45^D

1638.60 ± 0.56

1905.3 ± 0.11 ^a

116.3 ± 0.12^E

1632.7 ± 0.26

1823.0 ± 1.2 ^a

111.6 ± 0.78

1637.5 ± 0.24

1814.20 ± 0.56 ^a

110.8 ± 0.5.6^C

113.7 ± 0.36^G

Cinnamic acid

ND

ND

ND

4.05 ± 0.26

14.22 ± 0.14 ^a

351.1 ± 0.23^A

0.21 ± 0.25

1.50 ± 0.01 ^a

714.3 ± 0.65^A

3.72 ± 0.45

6.22 ± 0.23

167.2 ± 0.23^B

200.1 ± 0.27^C

Gallic acid

ND

ND

ND

0.74 ± 0.14

0.51 ± 0.23

68.68 ± 0.25^J

3.33 ± 0.028

2.54 ± 0.05a

76.28 ± 0.45^I

1.19 ± 0.87

0.98 ± 0.56

82.49 ± 0.25^G

214.5 ± 0.69^B

Salicylic acid

1.23 ± 0.25

0.97 ± 0.71

78.89 ± 0.74

6.41 ± 0.56

6.31 ± 0.45

98.44 ± 0.45 ^G

25.15 ± 0.12

24.66 ± 0.23

98.05 ± 0.25^G

15.85 ± 0.12

13.45 ± 0.03 ^a

84.85 ± 0.47^G

178.9 ± 0.45^D

Vanillic acid

248.0 ± 0.05

251.01 ± 0.02^a

101.3 ± 0.58^D

672.20 ± 0.26

651.02 ± 0.01

96.85 ± 0.14^G

260.5 ± 0.24

261.22 ± 0.23

102.7 ± 0.71 ^F

252.28 ± 0.45

259.12 ± 0.23 ^a

100.3 ± 0.36^E

97.67 ± 0.28^G

Syringic acid

14.14 ± 0.03

17.52 ± 0.07 ^a

123.9 ± 0.25^B

21.81 ± 0.25

40.5 ± 0.17 ^a

185.7 ± 0.25^B

15.99 ± 0.14

20.36 ± 0.58a

127.3 ± 0.78^C

14.55 ± 0.46

15.36 ± 0.08

105.6 ± 0.25^D

135.3 ± 0.45^F

Sinapic acid

18.25 ± 0.12

40.12 ± 0.06 ^a

219.84^A

37.61 ± 0.25

62.35 ± 0.47 ^a

165.78 ± 0.36^D

19.40 ± 0.45

25.32 ± 0.23 ^a

130.52 ± 0.14^B

19.52 ± 0.30

19.49 ± 0.23

99.85^E

143.9 ± 0.66^F

Quercetin

ND

ND

ND

1.47 ± 0.36

2.5 ± 0.03 ^a

170.4 ± 0.27^C

82.39 ± 0.78

36.25 ± 0.47a

44.00 ± 0.89^K

24.09 ± 0.78

24.11 ± 0.06

100.1 ± 0.24^E

59.82 ± 0.36^L

Kaempferol

ND

ND

ND

3.67 ± 0.25

2.31 ± 0.09 ^a

63.01 ± 1.23^K

ND

ND

ND

1.26 ± 0.58

1.15 ± 0.01

91.27 ± 0.35^F

104.9 ± 0.89^H

Apigenin

ND

ND

ND

8.06 ± 0.89

2.30 ± 0.01 ^a

28.54^L ± 0.78

ND

ND

ND

61.50 ± 0.58

61.25 ± 0.12

ND

93.82 ± 0.58 ^I

rutin

ND

ND

ND

6.52 ± 0.07

5.30 ± 0.14 ^a

81.26 ± 0.2^I

2.40 ± 0.25

1.35 ± 0.25

56.42 ± 0.69^J

6.78 ± 0.98

5.90 ± 0.15

87.02 ± 0.36^F

90.84 ± 0.45^J

Epicatechin

ND

ND

ND

387.14 ± 0.01

378.00 ± 0.25 ^a

97.72 ± 0.14 ^G

8.40 ± 0.23

7.60 ± 0.48

90.48 ± 0.47^H

1.35 ± 0.78

1.33 ± 0.05

98.52 ± 0.89^D

294.0 ± 0.23^A

Catechin

1510.32 ± 0.24

1516.45 ± 0.14^a

100.4 ± 0.36^D

1553.94 ± 0.01

1599.3 ± 0.14 ^a

102.90 ± 0.02^F

1557.2 ± 0.7

1602.1 ± 2.3 ^a

102.88 ± 0.54 ^F

1561.1 ± 0.51

1584.2 ± 0.08 ^a

101.5 ± 0.45^E

106.13 ± 0.56^H

Curcumin

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

107.5 ± 1.3

90.70 ± 0.58 ^a

84.40 ± 0.78^I

ND

ND

ND

85.99 ± 0.35^K

Desmethoxycurcumin

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

28.98 ± 0.26

25.60 ± 0.1 ^a

88.34 ± 0.71^H

ND

ND

ND

94.24 ± 0.47 ^I

Bisdesmethoxycurcumin

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

26.10 ± 0.89

23.30 ± 0.56 ^a

89.27 ± 0.66^H

ND

ND

ND

95.82 ± 0.47^I

gingerol (mg/g)

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

ND

30.90 ± 0.87

27.30 ± 0.63 ^a

88.35 ± 0.47^F

90.21 ± 0.96^J