Table 3 List of different bioactive compounds identified from different parts of bitter gourd plant
Broad category | Compounds identified | Plant parts | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Phenolic compounds | Flavonoids such as catechin, epicatechin Non flavonoids such as gallic acid, gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, tannic acid, tannins | Fruits Leaves Stem | Ullah et al. 2011; Ingle & Kapgatte 2018; Nagarani et al. 2014; Mahwish et al. 2018 |
Carotenoids | Lutein, α & β carotene, zeaxanthin, β cryptoxanthin, lycopene | Fruits | Shubha et al. 2018 |
Cucurbitane Triterpenoids | Charantin, kuguacins A – S, momordicine I, II and III, Karavilagenin A, B, C, D, E, saponins (triterpenoid glycosides), goyasaponins, sapogenins such as diosgenin | Fruits and Leaves | Ullah et al. 2011; Ingle & Kapgatte 2018; Ummi et al. 2018; Shubha et al. 2018; Mahwish et al. 2018; Li et al. 2015 |
Phytosterols | Decortinone, clerosterol, ergosterol peroxide, stigmasterol, campesterol, β sitosterol | Fruits | Ullah et al. 2011; Ummi et al. 2018; Shubha et al. 2018; Kim et al. 2013 |
Alkaloids |  | Fruits & Leaves Seeds | Shubha et al. 2018; Ingle & Kapgatte 2018; Mahwish et al. 2018 |