Table 3 The bioactivity and characteristics of green seaweeds
From: Global seaweed farming and processing in the past 20 years
Compounds | Algae source | Activities | Mechanisms | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Polysaccharide | Ulva lactuca | Antihyperuricemic | Regulating urate transporters | |
Ulva lactuca | Hypoglycaemic, anti-ageing | By regulating the expression levels of p16Ink4a, MMP2, FoxO1, GLP-1/GLP-1R, STAT3 and GLUT4, it can improve the aging and diabetes status | Chen et al. 2022 | |
Enteromorpha prolifera | Antioxidant | Down-regulation of miR-48, miR-51 and miR-186 up-regulated the expression of SKN-1 and DAF-16, thereby improving the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA damage | Lin et al. 2020 | |
Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Antioxidant | Down-regulation of Mir-48-3p, Mir-48-5p and Mir-51-5p translocation up-regulated the expression of DAF-16 and SKN-1 genes | Wan et al. 2021 | |
Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Immunomodulatory | T cells were activated by delayed hypersensitivity reaction and antibody titer was increased | Yang et al. 2006 | |
Chlorella pyrenoidosa | Anti-ageing | Physicochemical properties as well as antioxidant in vitro and anti-aging activity in vivo were evaluated | ||
Oligosaccharide | Enteromorpha prolifera | Hypoglycemic | Induced high expression of GLP1 receptors in the brain, thereby controlling glucose metabolites through the brain-gut axis | Ouyang et al. 2022 |
Ulva lactuca | Hypoglycemic, antioxidant | Regulate microRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans | Wu et al. 2020 | |
Sulfated Polysaccharide | Monostroma angicava | Anticoagulant | thrombin inhibitor mediated by heparin cofactor II | Li et al. 2017 |
Monostroma nitidum | Antiviral | EV71 infection was inhibited by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway or viral particles | ||
Caulerpa racemosa | Anti-inflammatory | antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities in a way dependent on HO-1 pathway activation | Ribeiro et al. 2014 | |
Enteromorpha clathrata | Anti-obesity | Reducing obesity by increasing the intestinal abundance of the butyrate producing bacterium Eubacterium xylophile | Wei et al. 2021 | |
Sulfated oligosaccharide | Ulva lactuca | Anti-tumor, immunomodulatory | Enhance the expression of p53, promoted the activation of IKKα, and inhibit the activation of P65 in NF-κB pathway | Zhao et al. 2020 |
Glycoprotein | Chlorella vulgaris | Anti-tumor | Enhances anti-metastatic immunity by activating T cells in lymphoid organs | Tanaka et al. 1998 |
Lectin | Halimeda | Anti-Influenza | It exhibits effective anti-influenza virus activity through high affinity binding with viral hemagglutinin | Mu et al. 2017 |
Unsaturated fatty acid | Ulva lactuca | Antioxidant | Nrf2 is stabilized by inhibiting Keap1-mediated ubiquitination of Nrf2 and subsequent accumulation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 | |
Phytosterols | Dunaliella tertiolecta | Reduce cell proliferation | N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids induced anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles, while increasing IL-10, IL-6 and decreasing IL-1β | Ciliberti et al. 2017 |
Chlorella sp. S14 | Antiproliferative, Antioxidant | By cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and A549 cells, regulation of CAT activity, GSH and MDA levels, and inhibition of nitric oxide production | Vilakazi et al. 2021 | |
Carotenoid | Codium cylindricum | Antioxidative | To protect the body stress caused by obesity by restoring the antioxidant signal regulated by Nrf2 | |
Dunaliella salina | Antioxidative | Chidambara et al. 2005 | ||
Haematococcus pluviali | Antioxidative | Régnier et al. 2015 | ||
Polyphenol | Enteromorpha clathrata | Anti-inflammatory | Inhibition of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells | Huang et al. 2022 |
Enteromorpha prolifera | Antidiabetic | Hypoglycemic effects were demonstrated by activation of IRS1/PI3K/AKT and inhibition of the hepatic JNK1/2 insulin pathway | Yan et al. 2019 |