Table 2 List (names) of wild edible plants used in indigenous foods, dishes and beverages of Gumare village along with parts and forms used, value, food safety, taboos, market potential, seasonal availability and perishable nature of the edible plants

1

Tsaro/Nkadi/Moxinxa

Wild date palm, feather palm

Phoenix reclinata Jacq

Fruits & Roots/tubers, buds as vegetable, stem sap for wine

IF (stem sap juice fermented for wine)

NP

MD

-

P

N- D (P)

2

Mokolwane/ Mokolane

Ilala palm

Hyphaene petersiana Klotsch ex

Mart

Fruits, Palm heart, stem sap wine, Roots

IB (stem sap juice fermented for wine)

NP

MD

Its beverage may cause diarrhoea

-

H

A – O (P)

3

Moretlwa/Moretwa

Raisin tree/Velvet raisin/Wild currant

Grewia flava DC

Fruits fresh or dried

IB (fermented to beer)

NP

-

H

A –M (P)

4

Mogwana

Bastard/false brandybush

Grewia bicolor Juss

Fruits, Tubers

IB

NP

-

H

M – J (SP)

5

Mokgomphatha/ Motsotsojane

Donkey berry/rough-leaved raisin

Grewia flavescens Juss

Fruits, seeds

IF

NP/MD

-

A-M (D)

6

Mowana

Baobao

Adansonia digitate L

Fruits, Seeds

IF

IB

NP

MD

-

H

M (P, seed = D)

7

Morula

Marula tree/ Cider tree

Sclerocarya birrea(A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp.

Caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro

Fruits

IF

IB

NP

Its beverage may cause diarrhoea

-

F-M (P)

8

Motsentsela/Motsintsila

Bird plum, brown ivory

Berchemia discolour (Klotzsch) Hemsl.)

Fruits, Fruits juice fermented

IF

NP

MD

-

F-M (P)

9

Mochaba/Motshaba

Sycomore fig

Ficus sycomoros L

Fruits & Stem exudates

MD

-

JUL (P)

10

Mochabachabana

Ficus spp

Fruits

IF

MD

-

D – J (P)

11

Mogorogorwane

Wild orange/Monkey orange

Strychnos cocculoides Baker

Fruits/pulp juice

IB

(P)

12

Mogorogoro

Strychnos spp

Fruits & Seeds

IF

NP

-

H

O-N (P, seed = D)

13

Moqowa

Unidentified

Grape fruits

MD

-

N-D (P)

14

Moretologa

Ximenia spp

Fruits

IF

NP

MD

-

S–N (P)

15

Motsaodi

African mangosteen, wild plum

Garcinia livingstonei T. Andrers

Fruits

ID

NP

MD

-

S- N (P)

16

Mmupudu- people in Gumara call mmilo as mmupudu. Mmilo is Vanguera infausta. In the South East of Botswana mmupudu is Mimusops zeyheri

Vanguera infausta

Fruits

-

A—JUN (P)

17

Dikgobe tsa Badisana

African stachys, wild sage

Stachys aethiopica L

Fruits, Leaves

IF

NP

-

J-D (P)

18

Mampimpinyane

African cucumber/balsam apple/ southern balsam pear

Momordica balsamina L

Fruits & Roots

IF

NP

MD

Only eaten by women; Do not use a knife to cut it

P

J-D (P)

19

Morupaphiri

Kalahari currant

Rhus tenuinervis Engl. synonym Searsia tenuinervis (Engl.) Moffet

Fruits

IF

NP

-

P

J—JUL (P)

20

Maphate

Unidentified

Fruits

IF

NP

Cannot be swallowed, may cause constipation

-

A—M (P)

21

Motuu

Unidentified

Fruits

IF

NP

Cannot be swallowed, may cause constipation

-

J-D (P)

22

Mokgalo

Ziziphus mucronata Willd

Fruits

IF

MD

-

J—JUL (P)

23

Xaatu

Unidentified

Fruits

IF

NP

Cannot be swallowed, may cause constipation

-

J-D (P)

24

Mokamanawa/Mokopakopa

Velvet sweet-berry

Bridelia mollis Hutch. Synonym#

Fruits

IF

NP

-

A – M (D)

25

Mokhutsomu/

Mokutshumo/

Mokochong

African ebony/Monkey guava

Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A. DC

Fruits dried, crushed/flour

(D)

26

Nakgwa/Shequcomo

Unidentified

Tubers

IF

NP

-

A-JUN (SP)

27

Chada

Unidentified

Tubers

IF

NP

MD

-

J-D (SP)

28

Tswii/water lily

Egyptian blue lily, sacred blue lily

Nyphaeae Burm.f. var.caerulea (Savigny) Verdc

Tubers

IF

NP

-

J-D (SP)

29

Monakaladi

Unidentified

Tubers

ID

NP

-

F (SP)

30

Sesepasepa

Unidentified

Tubers

IF

NP

-

P

J-D (SP)

31

Segokgwe

Unidentified

Tubers

IF

NP

MD

-

P

J-D (SP)

32

Lerusa

Unidentified

Tubers

IF

NP

-

P

J-D (SP)

33

Serowa

Ceropegia rendallii N.E. Br

Tubers/Roots

34

Moxwi

Unidentified

Tubers

IF

IB

NP

MD

-

H

J-D (SP)

35

Moanja

Unidentified

Tubers & Leaves

IF

Poisonous

Single leaf is not allowed to be eaten as it may cause death

J-D (SP)

36

Tjita

Unidentified

Roots

IF

NP

-

J-D (SP)

37

Koma

Papyrus, paper plant

Cyperus papyrus L

Roots & Stem

IF

NP

-

J-D (SP)

38

Tsita

Bulrush/Love reed

Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E.Br

Rootstalks (Rhizomes)

MD

39

Kwena

Water mint/Lavander mint

Mentha aquatica L

Leaves

IB (tea, flavorant, preservative)

MD

-

H

J—D (SP)

40

Leketa/Rothwe

Cleome gynandra L

Leaves

IF

NP

Not harvested with nails as it may become bitter because of pricking by nails the tissue

F-A (SP)

41

Thepe (Bokoxhono)

Amaranthus thunbergii Moq

Leaves

ID

NP

Not harvested with nails as it may become bitter

F- A (SP)

42

Ntsongwa

Unidentified

Grasses

NP

-

J-D (SP)

43

Ngarara

Unidentified

Seeds

IF

IB

NP

-

P

A – M (D)

44

Phoka

Grass

Urochloa trichopus (Hochst.) Stapf

MD

-

M-J (SP)

45

Maxixino/ Moporota

Sausage tree/ cucumber tree

Kigelia africana

Flowers, fruits

MD

Harvested early mornings only

S (P)

46

Mabowa

Fungi (Mushroom)

Unidentified

Fungi fruiting body

ID

Very dangerous for children

F- M (P)

47

Motlopi

shepherd’s tree

Boscia albitrunca (Burch.) Gilg & Benedict

48

Sexhowa

Unidentified

49

Xandramoshoro

Unidentified

50

Monxhoni

Unidentified

51

Nxhoma

Unidentified

52

Makhungara

Unidentified