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Table 1 Functional properties of legume flours used for chicken nugget preparation

From: Quality attributes of chicken nuggets extended with different legume flours

Parameters

Soya bean

Cowpea

Groundnut

BD (g/cm3)

0.65 ± 0.07b

0.69 ± 0.04a

0.59 ± 0.05c

SC (%)

54.32 ± 15.05a

25.53 ± 13.74c

37.95 ± 1.32b

FC (%)

47.53 ± 9.20a

45.43 ± 7.10b

22.03 ± 16.30c

FS (%)

22.02 ± 0.79a

20.43 ± 0.80b

0.00 ± 0.00c

WAC (%)

3.45 ± 0.91a

1.87 ± 0.67c

2.31 ± 0.23b

OAC (%)

2.32 ± 0.00b

1.75 ± 0.57c

2.89 ± 0.57a

EC (%)

39.83 ± 3.98c

45.50 ± 1.69b

46.12 ± 2.31a

ES (%)

1.15 ± 0.08b

1.87 ± 0.64a

0.66 ± 0.57c

pH

6.61 ± 0.06b

6.53 ± 0.02a

6.51 ± 0.04c

  1. WAC Water Absorption Capacity, BD Bulk Density, SC Swelling Capacity, FC Foaming Capacity, ES Emulsion Stability, EC Emulsion Capacity, FS Foaming Stability
  2. abc Means in the same row with varying superscripts are significantly different (P < 0.05).