Table 3 Comparison of bovine colostrum with human colostrum

Energy (kcal)

~ 130

58

Kehoe et al. (2007)

Fat

~ 6.7

3–5%

Guthrie (1989)

Protein(g/100 ml)

~ 14.9

0.8–0.9

Bagwe et al. (2015)

Lactose(g/100 ml)

~ 2.6

6.9–7.2

Buttar et al. (2017)

 Lactoferrin (mg/ml)

100.0

700.0

Stelwagen et al. (2009)

 IgM (mg/ml)

3.7–6.1

1.59

 IgG (mg/ml)

34.0–87.0

0.43

 IgG2 (mg/ml)

1.6–6.0

–

 IgA (mg/ml)

3.2–6.2

17.35

 Growth hormone (GH) ng/L

≤ 0.03

41.0

Playford et al. (2000); Kaducu et al. (2011)

 Insulin like growth factor (IGF) mg/L

10

18.0

 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) mcg/L

30–50

200.0

 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mcg/L

NA

75.0

 Transforming growth factor (TGF α) mcg/L

2.2–7.2

2.2–7.2

 TGF β mg/L

1–2

20–40