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Table 3 Proximate composition of the cookies as affected by the incorporation of shea fruit pulp

From: Characterization of physicochemical, antioxidants and sensory properties of cookies enriched with shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) fruit pulp as a functional ingredient

Nutritional component

Cookies sample (%WF: %SFP)

SFP0 (100:00)

SFP5 (95:5)

SFP10 (90:10)

SFP15 (85:15)

SFP20 (80:20)

SFP25 (75:25)

Moisture (%)

5.90 ± 0.08d

5.31 ± 0.06c

5.08 ± 0.19c

4.70 ± 0.14c

3.98 ± 0.07b

3.25 ± 0.05a

Crude fat (g)

25.37 ± 0.07a

25.81 ± 0.03ab

26.11 ± 0.08bc

26.42 ± 0.05bcd

26.76 ± 0.06cd

27.09 ± 0.04d

Crude protein (g)

9.94 ± 0.12d

9.63 ± 0.12d

9.22 ± 0.05c

8.78 ± 0.23b

8.51 ± 0.10ab

8.20 ± 0.06a

Total ash (g)

1.94 ± 0.03a

2.37 ± 0.04b

2.77 ± 0.06c

3.19 ± 0.07d

3.63 ± 0.03e

4.10 ± 0.03f

Crude fibre (g)

0.38 ± 0.02a

0.97 ± 0.01b

1.32 ± 0.01c

1.70 ± 0.03d

2.11 ± 0.01e

2.53 ± 0.01f

Available carbo.(g)

56.47 ± 0.18b

55.91 ± 0.13ab

55.50 ± 0.20ab

55.21 ± 0.15ab

55.01 ± 0.12ab

54.83 ± 0.16a

Energy value (kcal)

493.97 ± 0.84a

494.45 ± 0.49a

493.87 ± 0.92a

493.74 ± 0.53a

494.92 ± 0.76ab

495.89 ± 0.61b

  1. The values are average ±standard deviation (n = 2) and expressed on a dry basis except for moisture content. carbo. represent carbohydrate. Values within a row having no common superscript letter are significantly different (p < 0.05)