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Table 6 Color parameters of cookies as influenced by the percentage of SFP incorporation in the cookies formulation

From: Characterization of physicochemical, antioxidants and sensory properties of cookies enriched with shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) fruit pulp as a functional ingredient

Color paramter

Cookies sample (%WF: %SFP)

SFP0 (100:0)

SFP5 (95:5)

SFP10 (90:10)

SFP15 (85:15)

SFP20 (80:20)

SFP25 (75:25)

L*

74.23 ± 0.74e

71.34 ± 0.62d

64.53 ± 0.98c

63.18 ± 0.23bc

62.03 ± 0.35b

59.45 ± 0.66a

a*

1.14 ± 0.08a

1.40 ± 0.26a

2.85 ± 0.22b

3.46 ± 0.49b

4.96 ± 0.55c

6.78 ± 0.16d

b*

31.70 ± 0.36a

32.75 ± 0.10b

33.82 ± 0.35c

34.77 ± 0.19d

35.17 ± 0.41d

35.83 ± 0.22e

BI

54.41 ± 1.09a

60.05 ± 1.07b

73.58 ± 1.38c

79.45 ± 1.48d

84.66 ± 1.61e

101.94 ± 1.55f

WI

59.13 ± 0.46e

56.46 ± 0.45d

50.90 ± 0.87c

49.23 ± 0.56bc

48.01 ± 0.23b

43.20 ± 0.45a

ΔE*

 -

3.09 ± 0.07a

10.08 ± 0.14b

11.71 ± 0.09bc

13.27 ± 0.12c

19.11 ± 0.18d

  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 6). WF and SFP represent wheat flour and shea fruit pulp respectively. L* (lightness), a*(redness), b* (yellowness), BI (browning index), WI (whiteness index) and ΔE* (total color difference)
  2. Values in a row with different superscript letters are statistically different (p < 0.05)