Table 2 Benefits and drawbacks of different non-destructive techniques
Applications | Benefits | Drawbacks |
|---|---|---|
HSI | ➢ Chemical-free approach ➢ Enables the use of spectral fingerprints to visualize different biochemical elements in a sample ➢ It contains extensive information on spectral spatial models for classification and segmentation | ➢ Spectral information obtained from samples’ image contain series of consecutive overlapping bands ➢ Not suitable liquid or homogenous samples ➢ Modeling and data processing are time demanding and need chemometric methods to extract important information |
LLBI | ➢ Non-contact approach ➢ Simple and low-cost system for the automated evaluation ➢ Feasible, economical, and rapid monitoring | ➢ It has not yet been established for different varieties of climacteric fruits |
FT-NIRS | ➢ Have greater wave number accuracy ➢ Rapid estimation tool | ➢ Sensitive to any small impurities in samples |
NIRS | ➢ Operate with frequent, rapid measurements and deliver analytical data from samples in real-time ➢ It permits the measurement of chemical and nonchemical (physical) properties with little to no sample preparation needed ➢ Can coupled with the appropriate multivariate model | ➢ Due to the lack of selectivity, chemometric techniques must be used to retrieve important data; models that are accurate and resilient are difficult to obtain since they require a huge number of samples with substantial variability ➢ Necessarily requires prior knowledge of a certain parameter's value, which must be determined through a reference method |
ENS | ➢ Has the capacity to detect certain odorless compounds that usually not detectable by human nose ➢ Provide more objective results than human nose | ➢ Sensor responses are influenced by humidity and temperature in a negative way |
ETS | ➢ More rapid and objective approach than human-based tasting panels ➢ Rapid and cost-efficient | ➢ Sensitive to the fluctuation of environmental conditions such as temperature, and humidity ➢ Sometimes provide only qualitative and semi-quantitative results ➢ Sensitive and provide lower response to sucrose, caffeine, salt (NaCl), sour (HCl) and Umami (MSG) |
CV | ➢ Strong versatility, low cost, high efficiency, high precision and relatively simple ➢ Wide range of use (can be use in a variety of fields) | ➢ It takes quite a while in visual observing processes ➢ Requires complex mechanisms |