Table 2 Maximum plasma concentrations and elimination half-lives of bioactive peptides administered to animals and humans
From: Bioactive peptides from fermented foods and their relevance in COVID-19 mitigation
Peptide sequence | Administration dose | Test subject | Maximum plasma concentration | Half life | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WH | Oral 10 mg/kg body weight | Rats | 19 nM | 37 min | (Hanh et al., 2017) |
LPP | oral 12.3 μg/kg body weight | Pigs | 21 nM | 42 min | (Ten Have et al., 2015) |
VPP | oral 12.8 μg/kg body weight | Pigs | 21 nM | 23 min | (Ten Have et al., 2015) |
HLPLP | Intravenous 4 mg/kg body weight | Rats | 120 ng/ml | 8 min | (Sánchez-Rivera et al., 2014) |
PG | 167 mg/kg body weight | Humans | 18 μM | ~ 2 h | (Shigemura et al., 2012) |
VY | Oral 30 mg/kg body weight | Rats | 1.1 ng//ml | 4.1 h | (Nakashima et al., 2011) |
YPFVEPI, YPFPGPI | Oral milk | Infants | 0.3 μM | Not determined | (Kost et al., 2009) |
IPP, LPP, AW, IW, LW, VY, FY | Oral yoghurt | Humans | 0.1-3 nM | ~ 30 min | (Foltz et al., 2007) |
VY | Oral 12 mg | Humans | 1.9 μM | 3.1 h | (Matsui et al., 2002) |
MAIPPKKNQDK | Oral milk or yoghurt | Newborn infants | 21 μg/ml | At least 1 h | (Chabance et al., 1995) |
IAIPPKKIQDK | Oral milk or yoghurt | Newborn infants | 16 μg/ml | At least 1 h | (Chabance et al., 1995) |