Table 2 Summary of detected compounds in Tapuy wine and lees using LC–MS/MS

( +)-bakuchiol

✔

Anti-aging

Antioxidative properties

Protective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy

Phenol

Ma et al. 2020; Bluemke et al. 2022; Chaudhuri & Bojanowski 2014; Dhaliwal et al. 2019)

25S-inokosterone

✔

Enhances the lifespan of yeast models and mammalian cells

Antioxidative properties

Steroid

Liu et al. 2022)

4, 8, 12-trimethyltridecanoic acid

✔

Fatty acid

Shahrajabian et al. 2021)

4-hydroxy ginkgolic acid

✔

Antibacterial

Neuroprotective effects

Antioxidative properties

Antiaging

Antiobesity

Antidiabetic

Antidementia

Phenol

Noor-E-Tabassum et al. 2022; Mango et al. 2016; Hua et al. 2017)

6-hydroxykaempferol

✔

Antioxidant

Reduces risk of chronic diseases

Anticancer effects

Neuroprotective effects

Anti-inflammatory properties

Flavonoid

Chen & Chen 2014; Ren et al. 2019; Silva dos Santos et al. 2021)

Akebonoic acid

✔

Terpenoid

Maciąg et al. 2021; Huang et al. 2022)

Astramembranin II

✔

Glycoside

Chasmanin

✔

Alkaloid

Cholestenone

✔

Antibacterial

Antioxidant

Antidiabetes effects

Steroid

Ramalingam & Rajaram 2018; Neuvonen et al. 2014; Kobayashi et al. 2021; Nagao et al. 2022)

ent-Kauran-16a, 17-diol

✔

Protects against neuroinflammation

Terpene

Dutra et al. 2014; Nhiem et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2016)

Flazin

✔

Anti-HIV

Antioxidant

Immunomodulatory activity

Lipid droplet regulator

Alkaloid

Fuda et al. 2019; Wu et al. 2022; Tang et al. 2008; Kong et al. 2021)

Ganoderic acid B

✔

Antimicrobial

Antioxidant

Anti-HIV

Triterpenoid

Cör et al. 2018; Sheikha 2022; Chen 2020)

Kalmanol

✔

✔

Terpenoid

Kushenol E

✔

Autophagy regulation

Flavonoid

Kwon et al. 2020)

Kushenol Q

✔

Flavonoid

Pterodondiol

✔

Terpenoid

Rengyoside C

✔

Robinetin

✔

Flavonoid

Silydianin

✔

Strophanthidine

✔

Anticancer

Antiviral

Glycoside

Reddy et al. 2020)

Tuberostemonone

✔

Alkaloid

α-ionone

✔

Terpene