Table 1 Physical properties of different varieties of kidney beans

Dimensions (mm)

 Length

16.786 ± 1.106^a

15.057 ± 0.955^a

10.729 ± 0.691^b

 Width

8.353 ± 0.747^a

7.527 ± 0.247^a

6.389 ± 0.456^b

 Thickness

5.498 ± 0.527^a

5.784 ± 0.273^a

4.863 ± 0.431^a

D_a (mm)

10.212 ± 0.478^a

9.456 ± 0.341^a

7.327 ± 0.311^b

D_g(mm)

9.169 ± 0.449^a

8.687 ± 0.248^a

6.934 ± 0.302^b

D_s(mm)

16.686 ± 0.595^a

15.619 ± 0.349^a

12.320 ± 0.382^b

D_e (mm)

12.022 ± 0.295^a

11.254 ± 0.183^b

8.860 ± 0.193^c

Sphericity (Fraction)

0.546 ± 0.045^a

0.577 ± 0.040^a

0.646 ± 0.050^b

Volume (mm³)

421.306 ± 214.159^a

349.017 ± 171.806^a

177.725 ± 91.163^b

Surface area (mm²)

33.243 ± 5.595^a

31.163 ± 5.143^a

26.968 ± 4.893^b

M100 (g)

45.4 ± 0.651^a

50.633 ± 0.721^b

22.889 ± 0.528^c

ρ_b(g/cm³)

1.115 ± 0.322^a

1.168 ± 0.010^b

1.204 ± 0.282^c

ρ_t(g/cm³)

1.214 ± 0.022^a

1.250 ± 0.027^a

1.293 ± 0.048^b

ε(%)

8.903 ± 1.985^a

6.251 ± 2.269^b

8.731 ± 3.786^a

Θ (°)

25.680 ± 0.931^a

24.667 ± 0.396^a

19.971 ± 1.302^b

μ

 Galvanized Iron

0.328 ± 0.228^a

4.925 ± 3.724^b

0.042 ± 0.444^c

 Glass

-2.004 ± 1.832^a

-0.947 ± 0.477^b

-0.601 ± 0.171^b

 Wood

0.301 ± 0.398^a

0.917 ± 0.013^b

0.143 ± 0.102^a

Color

 L*

19.54 ± 1.80^a

32.10 ± 1.03^b

21.44 ± 2.49^a

 a*

7.20 ± 2.21^a

5.64 ± 0.12^a

14.37 ± 3.99^b

 b*

-0.52 ± 0.59^a

8.10 ± 0.53^b

3.05 ± 1.60^c

 ∆E

8.69 ± 1.22^a

13.99 ± 0.88^b

15.51 ± 3.73^b

 Chroma

7.25 ± 2.16^a

9.87 ± 0.40^a

14.71 ± 4.23^b

 Hue (°)

-5.65 ± 6.09^a

55.10 ± 2.18^b

11.15 ± 3.28^c