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Table 3 Proximate composition and energy value of flours and biscuits

From: Physicochemical, in vitro starch digestibility and sensory characteristics of biofortified yellow maize-cowpea composite flours and biscuits

Samples

Moisture

(%)

Protein

(%)

Ash

(%)

Fat

(%)

Total CHO

(%)

Food energy

(kCal/100 g)

Flours

      

M-f

5.40 ± 0.01f

10.07 ± 0.30j

1.15 ± 0.02i

6.87 ± 0.05g

76.52 ± 0.24b

408.16 ± 0.24g

MC-f1

4.81 ± 0.01g

14.09 ± 0.19g

1.88 ± 0.01g

5.03 ± 0.03h

74.20 ± 0.15c

398.39 ± 0.13h

MC-f2

4.36 ± 0.02h

17.64 ± 0.02e

2.50 ± 0.02e

3.65 ± 0.13i

71.86 ± 0.14d

390.88 ± 0.49i

MC-f3

4.14 ± 0.01h

22.01 ± 0.56c

2.94 ± 0.01c

2.44 ± 0.01j

68.48 ± 0.57e

383.93 ± 0.06j

C-f

5.81 ± 0.05e

26.88 ± 0.39a

3.27 ± 0.03b

1.18 ± 0.03k

62.87 ± 0.28f

369.59 ± 0.17l

W-f

5.17 ± 0.02fg

12.12 ± 0.35h

0.64 ± 0.02k

0.28 ± 0.01l

81.80 ± 0.33a

378.21 ± 0.24k

Biscuits

      

M-b

8.49 ± 0.45b

8.92 ± 0.24k

1.31 ± 0.03h

19.02 ± 0.45a

62.27 ± 0.27fg

455.91 ± 3.90a

MC-b1

7.73 ± 0.28c

12.02 ± 0.13h

2.14 ± 0.06f

16.58 ± 0.33b

61.54 ± 0.78g

443.44 ± 0.30b

MC-b2

7.11 ± 0.08d

15.19 ± 0.17f

2.72 ± 0.05d

15.20 ± 0.37c

59.79 ± 0.66h

436.69 ± 1.39c

MC-b3

6.86 ± 0.19d

18.87 ± 0.22d

3.21 ± 0.06b

14.05 ± 0.29d

57.03 ± 0.20i

430.00 ± 0.93d

C-b

9.02 ± 0.08a

23.15 ± 0.37b

3.73 ± 0.11a

13.07 ± 0.16e

51.03 ± 0.49j

414.33 ± 0.91f

W-b

7.85 ± 0.11c

10.96 ± 0.11i

0.77 ± 0.03j

12.15 ± 0.41f

68.27 ± 0.45e

426.29 ± 1.51e

  1. Results are presented as mean ± SD of triplicate analyses. Mean values with varying superscript letters along the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05. Flours and biscuits acronyms are as defined in the “Wholemeal composite flours preparation” and “Biscuit-baking process” sections, respectively