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Table 3 Comparison summary of intelligent systems in fruit packaging container

From: State-of-the-art non-destructive approaches for maturity index determination in fruits and vegetables: principles, applications, and future directions

Technology

Purpose

Advantages

Disadvantages

Electrochemical Ethylene Sensor

Determine the quality of fruit produce Determine the rate of respiration and ripening in fruits by detecting ethylene concentrations released by the fruit

Ethylene sensitive Can be used in individual and bulk packaging Less expensive than NDIR

Susceptible to chemical interference (can be internally mitigated) More costly than indicators

Capacitive Humidity Sensor

Determine the package environment's quality Determine the relative humidity of the package

Accurate and can be used in bulk packaging

Individual packaging is expensive and impractical

RFID

Identify and convey package details Package data should be sent to an exterior processing unit

Scalable, simple to read and real time monitoring system

Active tags can be costly External infrastructure is required

Freshness Indicators

Determine the quality of the packaging environment and the fruit produce Detect the passage of various factor threshold limits (temperature, gas composition disruption)

Scalable, simple to read

Neither quantifies data nor used as sensors