Table 2 Bioactivities of phenolic acids and flavonoids in different cereal and millet grains
From: Efficacy of germination and probiotic fermentation on underutilized cereal and millet grains
Grains | Phenolic compound | Bioactivities | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Phenolic acids | Â | Â |
Cereals Barley, sorghum, wheat, rice, oats, maize, Millets Finger, pearl and foxtail millet | Ferulic acid | Anti-carcinogenic Prevents and controls type 2 diabetes Suppressing hypertension | FahrioÄŸlu et al. (2016) Narasimhan et al. (2015) Hou et al. (2004) Kaur et al. (2014) |
Cereals Sorghum, rice Millets Finger millet | Gallic acid | Anti-cancer Antimicrobial | Yeh et al. (2011) Kang et al. (2008) Kaur et al. (2014) |
Cereals Barley, maize, oats, rice, sorghum Millets Finger, pearl and foxtail millet | p-coumaric acid | Anti-cancer | Janicke et al. (2011) Kaur et al. (2014) Dykes and Rooney (2007) |
Cereals Maize, oats, rice, sorghum, wheat Millets Finger, pearl and foxtail millet | Chlorogenic and caffeic acids | Anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic | Mennen et al. (2005) Kaur et al. (2014) Dykes and Rooney (2007) |
Cereals Maize, oats, rice, sorghum, wheat, barley Millets Finger and pearl millet | Vanillic acid | Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant | Calixto-Campos et al. (2015) Dykes and Rooney (2007) |
| Â | Flavonoids | Â | Â |
Cereals Oats, sorghum Millets Finger millet | Apigenin | Anti-inflammatory Anti-cancer | Ju et al. (2015) Watanabe et al. (2007) Dykes and Rooney (2007) |
Cereals Maize, oats | Kaempferol | Anti-inflammatory Anti-cancer | Calderon-Montano et al. (2011) Devi et al. (2015) Kaur et al. (2014) |
Cereals Barley and sorghum | Catechin | Preventing Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases | Dai et al. (2006) Kaur et al. (2014) Shahidi and Yeo (2018) |
Cereals Oats, wheat Millets Barnyard millet | Tricin | Anti-obesity Anti-inflammatory | Dykes and Rooney (2007) |
Cereals Oats, sorghum Millets Foxtail and Barnyard millet | Luteolin | Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory | Pradeep and Sreerama (2018) Dykes and Rooney (2007) |